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<title>ALE User Manual: Rendering</title>
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<table align=right valign=top width=160>
<td valign=top height=600 width=160>
<a href="http://auricle.dyndns.org/ALE/">
<big>ALE</big>
<br>
Image Processing Software
<br>
<br>
<small>Deblurring, Anti-aliasing, and Superresolution.</small></a>
<br><br>
<big>
Local Operation
</big>
<hr>
localhost<br>
2684415918<br>
</table>
<p><b>[ <a href="../">Up</a> ]</b></p>
<h1>ALE Rendering</h1>
<p>Rendering determines how an output image is constructed from a series of
aligned input frames, and occurs in two stages: incremental rendering and
Irani-Peleg rendering. Additional rendering options include exposure
registration, certainty-weighted rendering, spatial extension, range extension,
scaling, and bayer pattern specification. Experimental options for video
stream processing are also available.
<h2>Incremental Rendering</h2>
<p>The incremental renderer uses configurable <a href="chains/">rendering
chains</a> to determine the output image. It can increase resolution and
reduce aliasing, but it cannot reduce blur.
<h2>Irani-Peleg Rendering</h2>
<p>The Irani-Peleg renderer uses configurable <a href="psf/">point-spread
functions</a> to model blur, which is then reduced by an iterative
backprojection technique. For iteration defaults, see the <a
href="../defaults/"> default settings</a> page.
<pre>
--ips &lt;i&gt; Run &lt;i&gt; iterations.
</pre>
<h2>Exposure Registration</h2>
<p>By default, ALE adjusts an exposure model to minimize differences in tone
between frames. The option <code>--exp-noregister</code> indicates that
exposure should be assumed uniform across all frames. In this case, no
adjustment is performed.</p>
<pre>
--exp-register Register exposure between frames. [default]
--exp-noregister Assume uniform exposure across all frames.
</pre>
<h2>Certainty-weighted Rendering</h2>
<p>The exposure model in ALE includes an associated certainty function, which
quantifies the reliability of sensor measurements. By default, this function
is raised to the zeroth power, to obtain uniform certainty for all measurements.
To specify a different certainty exponent, the option <code>--cx</code> can be
used. This option is best used in combination with <code>--exp-extend</code>
(see below) and <code>--ips</code>. For defaults, see the <a href="../defaults/">
default settings</a> page.
<pre>
--cx &lt;x> Render with certainty exponent &lt;x>
--no-cx Render with uniform certainty.
</pre>
<h2>Scale factor</h2>
<p>Rendering with a larger scale factor results in image output of the specified
larger scale. Larger scales can improve alignment precision and output image
quality, but can also increase alignment and rendering times.
<pre>
--scale=x Scale images by the factor x (where x is at least 1.0)
</pre>
<h2>Image extents</h2>
<p>The --extend option records pixel data that falls outside of the region of the
first frame in the sequence. This can be useful for providing additional
alignment constraints or creating panoramic image mosaics. (For mosaics, see
also the description of the --follow option in the <a
href="../alignment">alignment</a> section.)
<pre>
--extend Increase image extents to accommodate all pixel data.
--no-extend Don't increase extents; crop to original frame. [default]
</pre>
<h2>Exposure extents</h2>
<p>By default, ALE restricts the output range to that of the original frame.
To adjust the output range to accommodate the ranges of all input frames,
specify <code>--exp-extend</code>. For defaults, see the <a href="../defaults/">
default settings</a> page.
<pre>
--exp-extend Extend range to include all calculated values.
--exp-noextend Restrict to the original frame's range.
</pre>
<h2>Bayer pattern specification</h2>
<p>Many cameras sample only one color channel per output pixel. To ignore the
other channels, a bayer pattern can be specified. In versions prior to 0.7.3,
device-specific bayer patterns override the command-line specification. In
version 0.7.3 and later, the reverse holds.
<pre>
--bayer &lt;b&gt; Set default bayer pattern to &lt;b&gt;, one of:
(clockwise from top left pixel)
rgbg Red-green-blue-green
gbgr Green-blue-green-red
grgb Green-red-green-blue
bgrg Blue-green-red-green
none RGB-RGB-RGB-RGB
Default is none or device-specific.
</pre>
<h2>Video stream processing (Experimental)</h2>
<p>If a sequence of frames represents a video stream, then, in addition to
producing a single output image, ALE can also produce one or more sequences of
processed frames, corresponding to one or more occurrences of the
<code>--visp</code> option. This option has its own associated scaling option,
as well as an option to show excluded regions as dimmed wherever possible.</p>
<pre>
--visp &lt;args&gt; Process a video sequence.
&lt;args&gt; are:
&lt;chain&gt; &lt;stabilization-type&gt; &lt;prefix&gt; &lt;suffix&gt;
&lt;chain&gt; is an incremental rendering chain.
&lt;stabilization-type&gt; is one of:
ma:&lt;x&gt; Moving average over 2*&lt;x&gt; + 1 frames
sf:&lt;x&gt; Stabilize to single frame number &lt;x&gt;
identity Same as ma:0
&lt;prefix&gt; is an output file prefix
&lt;suffix&gt; is an output file suffix
--visp-scale=&lt;x&gt; Use scale &lt;x&gt; for VISP output. (default is 1.0)
--exshow For single-invariant chains, show --ex regions dimmed.
</pre>
<h3>Video stream processing example</h3>
<p>To mimic the behavior of repeated applications of the 0.6.0
<code>--replace</code> option over a sequence of frames, the following
<code>--visp</code> option could be used.
<pre>
--visp last:nex:triangle:2 sf:0 frame .jpg
</pre>
<p>For better filtering, the following option could be used instead:
<pre>
--visp last:nex:sinc*lanc:6 sf:0 frame .jpg
</pre>
<br>
<hr>
<i>Copyright 2003, 2004 <a href="mailto:dhilvert@auricle.dyndns.org">David Hilvert</a></i>
<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.
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